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Det er en nydelig dag for vandring i fjellet. Modern research has, however, discovered that a trading settlement was already established during the 1020s or 1030s. Han var bare en primitiv jypling. Bergen is the southern terminus of , the Coastal Express, which operates with daily services along the coast to.
Swinger - Bergen borders the municipalities , , and to the north, and to the east, and to the south, and , , and to the west.
This article is about the city in Norway. Bergen, historically Bjørgvin, is a and in on the of. At the end of the first quarter of 2017 , the municipality's population was 280,221, and the Bergen metropolitan region has about 420,000 inhabitants. Bergen is the city in Norway. The municipality covers 465 square kilometres 180 sq mi and is on the peninsula of. The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on , 'the city fjord', and the city is surrounded by mountains; Bergen is known as the 'city of '. Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands. Bergen is the of Hordaland, and consists of eight boroughs - , , , , , , , and. According to tradition, the city was founded in 1070 by king and was named Bjørgvin, 'the green meadow among the mountains'. It served as Norway's capital in the 13th century, and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between and abroad and it was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s when it was surpassed by the capital, Christiania now known as. What remains of the quays, , is a. The city was hit by numerous fires over the years. The was developed at the beginning in 1917, the was founded in 1936, and the in 1946. From 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own. In 1972 the municipality absorbed four surrounding municipalities and became a part of Hordaland county. The city is an international centre for , , offshore and technology, and a national centre for higher education, media, tourism and finance. Almost half of the passengers are German or British. The city's main football team is and the city's unique tradition is the. Natives speak a distinct dialect, known as ''. The city features , , and is the terminus of the. Four large bridges connect Bergen to its suburban municipalities. Bergen has a mild winter climate, though with a lot of precipitation. During December - March, the temperature difference between Bergen and Oslo can be up to 30 degrees Celsius, despite the fact that both cities are at approximately 60 degrees North. The keeps the sea relatively warm, considering the latitude, and the mountains protect the city from cold winds from the north, north-east and east. Note: The municipalities of , , and were merged with Bergen 1 January 1972. Modern research has, however, discovered that a trading settlement was already established during the 1020s or 1030s. Bergen gradually assumed the function of capital of Norway in the early 13th century, as the first city where a rudimentary central administration was established. The city's cathedral was the site of the first royal coronation in Norway in the 1150s, and continued to host royal coronations throughout the 13th century. The functions of the capital city were lost to during the reign of King 1299-1319. In the middle of the 14th century, North German merchants who had already been present in substantial numbers since the 13th century, founded one of the four of the at in Bergen. The principal export traded from Bergen was dried cod from the northern Norwegian coast, which started around 1100. The city was granted monopoly with regard to trade from the north of Norway, by King 1217-1263. By the late 14th century, Bergen had established itself as the centre of the trade in Norway. The merchants lived in their own separate quarter of town, where was used, enjoying to trade with the northern fishermen who each summer sailed to Bergen. Today, Bergen's old quayside, , is on 's list of. Hieronymus Scholeus's impression of Bergen. The drawing was made in about 1580 and was published in an atlas with drawings of many different cities Civitaes orbis terrarum. In 1349, the was inadvertently brought to by the crew of an English ship arriving in Bergen. In the 15th century, the city was attacked several times by the , and in 1429 they succeeded in burning the royal castle and much of the city. In 1665, the city's harbour was the site of the , where an English naval flotilla attacked a Dutch merchant and treasure fleet supported by the city's garrison. Throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, Bergen remained one of the largest cities in , and was Norway's biggest city until the 1830s, when the capital city of became the largest. From around 1600, the Hanseatic dominance of the city's trade gradually declined in favour of Norwegian merchants often of Hanseatic ancestry , and in the 1750s, the Hanseatic Kontor finally closed. Bergen retained its monopoly of trade with until 1789. An historic of Bergen near the end of the 19th century. Visible are in the bottom left side, in the middle, the bay with its many boats and the to the right of the opening of Vågen. The Bergen stock exchange, Bergen børs, was established in 1813. Bergen was separated from Hordaland as a county of its own in 1831. It was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 see. The of was merged with Bergen on 1 January 1877. The rural municipality of was merged with Bergen on 1 July 1915. The rural municipalities of , , , and were merged with Bergen on 1 January 1972. The city lost its status as a separate county on the same date. Bergen is now a , in the county of. On 20 April 1944, during the German occupation, the Dutch cargo ship anchored off the , loaded with over 120 tons of explosives, blew up, killing at least 150 people and damaging historic buildings. The city was subject to some Allied , aimed at German naval installations in the harbour. Some of these caused Norwegian numbering about 100. Fires The city's history is marked by numerous great fires. In 1198, the faction set fire to the city in connection with a battle against the faction during the civil war. In 1248, Holmen and Sverresborg burned, and 11 churches were destroyed. In 1413 another fire struck the city, and 14 churches were destroyed. In 1428 the city was plundered by German pirates, and in 1455, merchants were responsible for burning down. In 1476, Bryggen burned down in a fire started by a drunk trader. In 1582, another fire hit the city centre and Strandsiden. In 1675, 105 buildings burned down in Øvregaten. In 1686 a new great fire hit Strandsiden, destroying 231 city blocks and 218 boathouses. The greatest fire to date happened in 1702 when 90 percent of the city was burned to ashes. In 1751, there was a great fire at Vågsbunnen. In 1756, a new fire at Strandsiden burned down 1,500 buildings, and further great fires hit Strandsiden in 1771 and 1901. In 1916, 300 buildings burned down in the city centre, and in 1955 parts of Bryggen burned down. Toponymy Bergen is pronounced in English or and in. The forms of the name were Bergvin and Bjǫrgvin and in and the city is still called Björgvin. The first element is n. The last element is f. The full meaning is then 'the meadow among the mountains'. A suitable name: Bergen is often called 'the city among the seven mountains'. It was the playwright who felt so inspired by the , that he decided that his home town must be blessed with a corresponding seven mountains - and locals still argue which seven they are. In 1918, there was a campaign to re-introduce the Norse form Bjørgvin as the name of the city. This was turned down - but as a compromise, the name of the was changed to. Bergen: Urban areas Bergen occupies most of the peninsula of in the of in mid-western Hordaland. The municipality covers an area of 465 square kilometres 180 square miles. Most of the urban area is on or close to a fjord or bay, although the urban area has several mountains. The city centre is surrounded by the , although there is disagreement as to which of the nine mountains constitute these. Bergen is sheltered from the North Sea by the islands , the municipality of and the municipalities of and. Bergen borders the municipalities , , and to the north, and to the east, and to the south, and , , and to the west. Bergen on a rainy day Bergen features a temperate : Cfb. Bergen experiences plentiful rainfall in all seasons, with annual measuring 2,250 mm 89 in on average. This is because Bergen is surrounded by mountains that cause moist air to undergo , yielding abundant rainfall. It rained every day from 29 October 2006 to 21 January 2007, 85 consecutive days. The highest temperature ever recorded was 31. Bergen's weather is warmer than the city's latitude 60. Temperatures below -10 degrees Celsius are rare. Summer temperatures sometimes reach the upper 20s, but the city sees temperatures over 30 degrees only a few days each decade. The high precipitation is often used in the marketing of the city, and features to a degree on postcards sold in the city. Compared to areas behind the mountains on the Scandinavian peninsula, Bergen is much wetter and has a narrower temperature range with cool summers and mild winters. In terms of temperature and precipitation. In recent years, precipitation and winds have increased in the city. In late 2005, heavy rains caused floods and several landslides, the worst of which killed three people on 14 September. Some indications are that, due to , storms causing landslides and floods will become more severe in the area and in the surrounding counties. As a response, the municipality created a special 24-man rescue unit within the fire department in 2005, to respond to future slides and other , and neighbourhoods considered at risk of slides were surveyed in 2006. The prediction was supported by over 480 landslides in Hordaland county from the spring of 2006 to the summer of 2007. Most of the slides hit roads, however none of them caused damage to cars, buildings, or people, until October 2007, when a large dislodged rock killed a motorist. Another concern is the risk of rising sea levels. Bryggen is already regularly flooded at extreme tides, and it is feared that as sea levels rise, floods will become a major problem in Bergen. Floods may in the future reach the railroad tracks leading out of the city. Climate data for Bergen, avg temps and precipitation 2005-2014, sunshine 1961-1990 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C °F 16. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. December 2015 Minorities 1st and 2nd generation in Bergen by country of origin, 1 January 2013 Ancestry Number Total 38,790 4,990 1,840 1,600 1,360 1,340 1,330 1,230 1,200 1,160 1,110 As of the end of Q1 2016 , the municipality had a population of 278,120, making the population density 599 people per km 2. As of 1 January 2015 , the main urban area of Bergen had 250,420 residents and covered an area of 96. Other urban areas, as defined by , consist of 6,536 residents on 1 January 2012 , 3,690 , 2,626 , 2,277 and 2,182. The population grew by 4,549 people in 2009, a growth rate of 1,8%. Ninety-six percent of the population lives in urban areas. In 2007, there were 104. The immigrant population those with two foreign-born parents in Bergen, includes 42,169 individuals with backgrounds from 180 countries representing 15. The immigrant population in Bergen in the period 1993-2008 increased by 119. The national average is 138. The immigrant population has thus accounted for 43. The immigrant population in Bergen has changed a lot since 1970. As of 1 January 1986, there were 2,870 people with a non-Western immigrant background in Bergen. In 2006, this figure had increased to 14,630, so the non-Western immigrant population in Bergen was five times higher than in 1986. This is a slightly slower growth than the national average, which has sextupled during the same period. Also in relation to the total population in Bergen, the proportion of non-Westerns increased significantly. In 1986, the proportion of the total population in the municipality of non-Western background was 3. In January 2006, people with a non-Western immigrant background accounted for 6 percent of the population in Bergen. The share of Western immigrants has remained stable at around 2% in the period. The number of in Bergen rose from 697 in 2006 to 3,128 in 2010. Night view of Bergen from Mount The city centre of Bergen lies in the west of the municipality, facing the fjord of. It is among a group of mountains known as the , although the number is a matter of definition. From here, the urban area of Bergen extends to the north, west and south, and to its east is a large mountain massif. Outside the city centre and the surrounding neighbourhoods i. While some are dominated by and modern e. View of the city centre with The oldest part of Bergen is the area around the bay of Vågen in the city centre. Originally centred on the bay's eastern side, Bergen eventually expanded west and southwards. Few buildings from the oldest period remain, the most significant being from the 12th century. For several hundred years, the extent of the city remained almost constant. The population was stagnant, and the city limits were narrow. In 1702, seven-eighths of the city burned. Most of the old buildings of Bergen, including Bryggen which was rebuilt in a mediaeval style , were built after the fire. The fire marked a transition from covered houses, as well as the remaining , to painted and some brick-covered wooden buildings. The last half of the 19th century saw a period of rapid expansion and modernisation. The fire of 1855 west of led to the development of regularly sized city blocks in this area of the city centre. The city limits were expanded in 1876, and , and were urbanized with large-scale construction of city blocks housing both the poor and the wealthy. Their architecture is influenced by a variety of styles; , and. The wealthy built villas between Møhlenpris and Nygård, and on the side of Mount Fløyen; these areas were also added to Bergen in 1876. Simultaneously, an urbanization process was taking place in in Årstad, at that time outside the Bergen municipality, centred on the large industrial activity in the area. The workers' homes in this area were poorly built, and little remains after large-scale redevelopment in the 1960s-1980s. After Årstad became a part of Bergen in 1916, a development plan was applied to the new area. Few city blocks akin to those in Nygård and Møhlenpris were planned. Many of the worker class built their own homes, and many small, detached apartment buildings were built. Bergen acquired from municipality in 1955. Like similar areas in Oslo e. Similar developments took place beyond Bergen's city limits, for example in. View from the Nordnes part of Bergen. At the same time as expansion took place inside Bergen, its extra-municipal suburbs also grew rapidly. Wealthy citizens of Bergen had been living in Fana since the 19th century, but as the city expanded it became more convenient to settle in the municipality. Similar processes took place in and Laksevåg. Most of the homes in these areas are detached , single family homes or small apartment buildings. After the surrounding municipalities were merged with Bergen in 1972, expansion has continued in largely the same manner, although the municipality encourages condensing near commercial centres, future stations, and elsewhere. The plans involved demolition of several neighbourhoods of wooden houses, namely , , and. None of the plans was carried out in its original form; the Marken and Stølen redevelopment plans were discarded and that of Nordnes only carried out in the area that had been most damaged by war. The city council of Bergen had in 1964 voted to demolish the entirety of Marken, however, the decision proved to be highly controversial and the decision was reversed in 1974. Bryggen was under threat of being wholly or partly demolished after the fire of 1955, when a large number of the buildings burned to the ground. Instead of being demolished, the remaining buildings were restored and accompanied by reconstructions of some of the burned buildings. Demolition of old buildings and occasionally whole city blocks is still taking place, the most recent major example being the 2007 razing of Jonsvollskvartalet at. Since 2000, the city of Bergen has been governed by a city government byråd based on the principle of. The government consists of seven government members called commissioners, and is appointed by the city council, the supreme authority of the city. After the local elections of 2007, the city has been ruled by a right-wing coalition of the , the , and the , each with two commissioners. The Conservative Party member Trude Drevland is mayor-on unpaid leave since 1 September 2015, while conservative is the leader of the city government, the most powerful political position in Bergen. After the 2015 landslide elections for the Labour party, Marte Mjøs Persen Labour Party is the new Bergen mayor, and Harald Schjeldrup Labour Party the new Bergen governing mayor. The Labour Party has formed a new centre-left city government including the Labour Party, the Liberal Party, and the Christian Democrats. The were held on 10 September. The Liberal Party more than doubled, going from 2. The Conservative Party lost 1. The Christian Democratic Party gained 0. The Red Electoral Alliance lost 1. Finally, the Labour Party continued being the second-largest party in the city, gaining 1% and ending up at 23. The Labour Party formed a new centre-left city government with the Liberal Party and the Christian Democrats. The Labour Party is now holding both the mayor office and governing mayor office. Currently, the breakdown on the council is as follows: Bergen Kommunestyre 2015—2019 Party Name Name in Norwegian Number of representatives Arbeiderpartiet 28 Fremskrittspartiet 6 Høyre 15 Kristelig Folkeparti 6 Miljøpartiet De Grønne 4 Rødt 2 Senterpartiet 1 Sosialistisk Venstreparti 5 Venstre 6 Total number of members: 73 Boroughs Boroughs of Bergen Bergen is divided into eight boroughs, as seen on the map to the right. Clockwise, starting with the northernmost, the boroughs are , , , , , , and. The city centre is located in Bergenhus. Parts of Fana, Ytrebygda, Åsane and Arna are not part of the Bergen urban area, explaining why the municipality has approximately 20,000 more inhabitants than the urban area. From 1974, each borough had a politically chosen administration. From 1989, Bergen was divided into 12 health and social districts, each locally administered. From 2000 to 2004, the former organizational form with eight politically chosen local administrations was again in use and from 2008 through to 2010, a similar form existed where the local administrations had less power than previously. The borough was numbered 01, and its perimeter was from and along around and over to , up east of , on to and over to Store Lungegårdsvann, south of the railroad tracks. The population of the now defunct borough, numbered in 1994 more than 18,000 people. The male choir of the There are 64 elementary schools, 18 lower secondary schools and 20 upper secondary schools in Bergen, as well as 11 combined elementary and lower secondary schools. Research in Bergen dates back to activity at in 1825, although the university was not founded until 1946. The university has a broad range of courses and research in academic fields and three national centres of excellence, in , and. The main campus is located in the city centre. The university co-operates with within medical research. The is an independent research foundation established in 1930 focusing on human rights and development issues. It focuses on professional education, such as teaching, healthcare and engineering. The college was created through amalgamation in 1994; campuses are spread around town but will be co-located at. The is located in outer and is the leading in Norway, having produced three laureates. The school has more than 3,000 students and approximately 400 staff. Other tertiary education institutions include the , the , located in the city centre with 300 students, and the located in Laksevåg. The has been located in Bergen since 1900. It provides research and advice relating to ecosystems and aquaculture. It has a staff of 700 people. The stock exchange, Bergen Børs est. Bergen is the main base for the at and its is the main heliport for the Norwegian and gas industry, from where thousands of offshore workers commute to their work places onboard oil and gas rigs and platforms. One of Norway's largest shopping centres, , is located in in Bergen, with a turnover of 2,540 billion Norwegian kroner, and 5. The hotels in the city may be full at times, due to the increasing number of tourists and conferences. Prior to concert in September 2006, many hotels were already fully booked several months in advance. Bergen is recognized as the unofficial capital of the region known as , and recognized and marketed as the gateway city to the world-famous of Norway, and for that reason, it has become Norway's largest - and one of Europe's largest - ports of call. In 2013, the -operated airport served 6 million passengers. The airport serves as a for , and ; there are direct flights to 20 domestic and 53 international destinations. In 2011, the port saw 264 cruise calls with 350,248 visitors, In 2009, the port handled 56 million tonnes of cargo, making it the ninth-busiest cargo port in Europe. There are plans to move the port out of the city centre, but no location has been chosen. Bergen is the southern terminus of , the Coastal Express, which operates with daily services along the coast to. Passenger run from Bergen south to and , and north to and. The city centre is surrounded by an ring using the system. The main motorways consist of , which runs north-south through the municipality, , which runs eastwards, and , which runs westwards. There are four major bridges connecting Bergen to neighbouring municipalities: the , the , the and the. Bergen connects to the island of via the subsea. Bergen Railway Station is the terminus of the , which runs 496 kilometres 308 mi to. The operates express trains to Oslo and the to. Between Bergen and , the train runs about every 30 minutes through the ; there is no corresponding road tunnel, forcing road vehicles to travel via Åsane or Nesttun. Bergen is one of the smallest cities in Europe to have both and electric urban transport systems simultaneously. Public transport in Hordaland is managed by , which operates an extensive city network in Bergen and to many neighbouring municipalities, including one route which operates as a trolleybus. Other newspapers published in Bergen include the Christian national , with a circulation of 8. Local newspapers are for Fana, for Laksevåg and Fyllingsdalen and for Arna and the neighbouring municipality. The 1,500-seat is the city's main cultural venue, and home of the , founded in 1765, and the. The city also features , the Norwegian national company of contemporary dance. The annual is the main cultural festival, which is supplemented by the. Two internationally renowned composers from Bergen are and. Grieg's home, , has been converted to a museum. During the 1990s and early 2000s, Bergen produced a series of successful pop, rock and artists, collectively known as the. Founded in 1850, it had as one of its first in-house playwrights and art directors. Bergen was a in 2000. The city's Hanseatic heritage is documented in the located at Bryggen. The team were the football champions in , , and , and reached the quarter-finals of the in. Brann play their home games at the 17,824-seat. Its predecessor, , played in the Norwegian Premier League in , and. In athletics, the city is dominated by , and , formerly also and. It was strongly influenced by -speaking merchants from the mid-14th to mid-18th centuries. During the from 1536 to 1814, Bergen was more influenced by than other areas of Norway. The Danish influence removed the female in the 16th century, making Bergensk one of very few Norwegian dialects with only two instead of three grammatical genders. The Rs are , as in French, which probably spread to Bergen some time in the 18th century, overtaking the in the time span of two to three generations. Owing to an improved , Bergensk was influenced by and bokmål in the 19th and 20th centuries. This led to large parts of the German-inspired disappearing and pronunciations shifting slightly towards East Norwegian. The of the took place in Bergen. Bergen was the host city for the. Famed artist visited the city in 2000 and inspired many to start creating street art. Soon after, the city brought up the most famous street artist in Norway:. The Madam Felle 1831-1908 monument in Sandviken, is in honour of a Norwegian woman of German origin, who in the mid-19th century managed, against the will of the council, to maintain a counter of beer. A well-known restaurant of the same name is now situated at another location in Bergen. The monument was erected in 1990 by sculptor Kari Rolfsen, supported by an anonymous donor. Each year Bergen donates the seen in Newcastle's Haymarket as a sign of the ongoing friendship between the sister cities. The Nordic friendship cities of Bergen, , and arrange inter-Nordic camps each year by inviting 10th grade school classes from each of the other cities to school camps. Bergen received a as a gift of friendship from the city of on the city's 900th anniversary in 1970. It is now placed in the and gazes out over the sea towards the friendship city far to the west. Store norske leksikon in Norwegian. The Sea in European History. Kulturhistorisk vegbok Hordaland in Norwegian. Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Kulturhistorisk vegbok Hordaland in Norwegian. Norsk vær i 110 år. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Bergen kommune in Norwegian Bokmål. Fastlandssamband for Bjorøy og Tyssøy in Norwegian. Straume: Fastlandssambandet Tyssøy - Bjorøy. Slik ble vi bergensere - Hanseatene og bergensdialekten.